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Steps
1
Perform a soil test to determine the pH balance and identify any nutrient deficiencies (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Use the results to determine which amendments are necessary.
2
Clear the garden area by removing all weeds, grass, large stones, and old garden debris such as fallen branches or spent plants.
3
Aerate the soil to improve air circulation and drainage. Use a shovel to turn the soil over a few inches deep, or use a garden fork by stepping on it and rocking it back and forth to loosen the earth without turning it over.
4
Apply a layer of compost over the soil surface. This serves as a soil conditioner that adds essential nutrients and aids in moisture retention.
5
Mix in a balanced fertilizer, such as a 13-13-13 ratio, to provide the necessary fuel for stems, foliage, and blooms. If using dry fertilizer, mix it into the soil while aerating and adding compost.
6
Use the flat back of a bow rake to even out the planting surface. Avoid walking over the soil once it has been evened to keep it loose for planting.
Pro Tips
If you are in a rush against the season, all these preparation tasks can be accomplished in a single weekend.
Avoid tilling soil that is too moist, as this can cause the soil to compact further and create a muddy mess.