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Tree Planting and Establishment Guide

easyGardening1 hr

Safety Warnings

  • Call 811 before digging to mark underground utility lines.

Tools Needed

Tree-planting shovel — Drain spade or spear head spade made of hardened manganese steel
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Tape measure — 25-foot stainless steel case
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Garden gloves — Nitrile coated nylon mesh
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Materials

Organic wood mulch — Shredded hardwood or leaf mulch(Enough for 3-4 inch depth)
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Tree stakes — 4-foot metal or treated wooden stakes(2-3 stakes)
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Support straps — Broad, smooth, flexible canvas or rubber tubing(As needed for trunk diameter)
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Steps

1
Select a healthy, native or adapted species and pick a location with at least 6 hours of daily sunlight. Ensure the spot is away from power lines, buildings, and utilities to allow room for mature growth.
2
Dig a planting hole that is two to three times wider than the tree's root ball. The depth should be the same as the root ball, ensuring the root flare remains visible above ground level.
Hole width Root ball Root flare Native soil Dig 3x wider Cross-section: Depth matches root ball; width allows for easier root expansion.
3
Inspect and prepare the roots. If the tree is rootbound, gently loosen and straighten the roots by hand or cut vertical slices into the root ball. For bare root trees, soak the roots in water for at least one hour before planting.
Root ball Girdling roots Trunk flare loosen by hand Preparing rootbound trees: gently straighten roots to prevent circling growth
4
Set the tree in the hole, checking from multiple angles to ensure it is straight. Remove any burlap or twine from the root ball once the tree is positioned.
Hole Burlap Trunk Remove twine Cross-section: Ensure root flare is level with ground before removing burlap.
5
Backfill the hole using the original soil you dug out. Break up large clumps and remove rocks, tamping the soil occasionally to eliminate air pockets. Do not amend with compost or fertilizer, as this can weaken the tree's root development in native soil.
6
Water the tree deeply and slowly at the base until the soil is saturated, ensuring water reaches the root ball.
7
Apply a 3-to-4-inch layer of organic mulch around the tree in a ring approximately 4 feet in diameter. Leave a gap of 6 to 10 inches between the mulch and the trunk to avoid 'volcano mulching'.
Spread ring Mulch Bared soil Trunk Top view: Maintain a gap between mulch and trunk to prevent rot
8
Stake the tree if it is in a windy area, has a narrow trunk, or was sold as bare root. Drive two 4-foot stakes into the ground outside the root zone and secure the trunk with flexible straps, leaving some slack for gentle movement.
Metal Stake Tree Trunk Flexible Strap Leave slack Ensure straps are loose enough to allow the trunk to sway slightly.

Pro Tips

  • The best time to plant is typically early spring or fall when trees are dormant.
  • Keep the soil moist for the first two years to ensure the roots become established.
  • Remove tree stakes after one growing season to prevent the tree from becoming reliant on them for support.

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